Finelo Blog
Learn investing and trading, one article at a time. Practical guides, beginner-friendly explainers, and learning tips from the Finelo team.
Gamma Exposure GEX: What the Metric Estimates and Why Models Differ
Gamma exposure, often abbreviated GEX, is a model-based estimate of how option-related delta hedging might change as the underlying price moves.
Futures Trading Strategies: 8 Common Approaches, Explained for Beginners
A futures trading strategy is a rules-based plan for when to enter, exit, and size positions in futures contracts, the leveraged instruments that track assets like stock indexes, oil, or gold.
Future Value Formula: How to Calculate and Apply It
The future value (FV) of an investment estimates what a current sum — or a series of payments — will be worth after earning a constant rate over time.
Fixed Asset Turnover Ratio Formula: Guide
The fixed asset turnover ratio measures how efficiently a company uses long-lived tangible assets to generate sales. Calculate it as net sales divided by average net fixed assets: Fixed Asset Turnover = Net Sales ÷ Average Net Fixed Assets.
FINRA Trading Activity Fee: 2026 Rates, Examples, and Scope
The Trading Activity Fee (TAF) is a regulatory fee assessed by FINRA on member firms for covered sales.
Financial Ratios Cheat Sheet: Essential Tools for Investors
A financial ratios cheat sheet is a concise reference of formulas and interpretations that help investors translate financial statements into actionable signals.
Excess Return Formula: Definition, Calculation, and Importance
Excess return is the amount an investment outperforms (or underperforms) a chosen benchmark; compactly: Excess return = Investment return − Benchmark return (often a risk‑free rate or a market index).
Downside Deviation Formula: Risk in Investments
Downside deviation measures how much an investment’s returns fall below a chosen minimum acceptable return (MAR); it isolates negative volatility rather than treating upside and downside equally.
Discounted Payback Period Formula: Guide
The discounted payback period is the time it takes for the present value of a project's cash inflows to recover its initial investment, where each future cash flow is first discounted to today using a chosen discount rate.
Delta-Adjusted Notional: Importance and Applications
Delta adjusted notional converts a derivative’s stated notional into the equivalent exposure to the underlying asset by scaling notional with the option’s delta — so a contract with large notional but small delta looks like a smaller underlying position.
Debt Service Coverage Ratio Formula: What You Need to Know
Learn how the debt service coverage ratio compares operating income with required debt payments, what the formula includes, and why lenders interpret it alongside cash flow and industry context.
Cumulative Return Formula: Your Essential Guide
Cumulative return measures the total percentage change in an investment over a chosen period. In practice you can compute it two common ways: (1) simple change = (Ending Value − Beginning Value) / Beginning Value, or (2) when you have a series of period returns, compound them: cumulative = (∏(1 + R_i)) − 1.
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